PERSPECTIVE OF REHABILITATION FOR DRUG ABUSERS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE INDONESIAN AND THAILAND LEGAL SYSTEMS

Muhammad Azka Pohan; Mhd. Teguh Syuhada Lubis

doi:10.53806/ijcss.v7i3.1540

Authors

Muhammad Azka Pohan Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
Mhd. Teguh Syuhada Lubis Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53806/ijcss.v7i3.1540

Keywords:

Rehabilitation, Narcotics Abuse, Comparative Law

Abstract

This study examines the regulation and implementation of rehabilitation for narcotics abusers through a comparative analysis of the legal systems of Indonesia and Thailand. Narcotics abuse constitutes both a legal issue and a public health problem that requires a comprehensive and recovery-oriented approach. In Indonesia, Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics provides for medical and social rehabilitation as mandatory measures for addicts and victims of narcotics abuse. However, in law enforcement practice, punitive approaches in the form of imprisonment remain more dominant than rehabilitation. In contrast, Thailand, through the Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act B.E. 2545, explicitly positions narcotics abusers as subjects who are required to undergo rehabilitation through a diversion mechanism from the criminal justice system. This study indicates that the implementation of rehabilitation in Indonesia continues to face normative and practical obstacles due to an ambivalent legal framework and inconsistent law enforcement, whereas Thailand demonstrates a more determinative, integrated, and public health-oriented rehabilitation model.

References

[1] Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP).

[2] Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP).

[3] Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika.

[4] Kingdom Of Thailand, (2002), Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act B.E. 2545, Bangkok: Government Gazette.

[5] Mashdurohatun, A. (2016). Mengembangkan Fungsi Sosial Hak Cipta Indonesia. Surakarta: UNS Press.

[6] Sofiyah. (2009). Mengenal NAPZA dan Bahayanya. Jakarta: Be Champion.

[7] Lubis, M. T. S. (2021). Hukum Pembuktian Dalam Peradilan di Indonesia. Medan: Pustaka Prima.

[8] Kusno Adi. (2009). Kebijakan Kriminal Dan Penanggulan Tindak Pidana Narkotika Oleh Anak. Malang: UMM Press.

[9] Efendi, J., dan Ibrahim, J. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris. Depok: Prenadademia Group.

[10] Ramdhan, M. (2021). Metode Penelitian. Surabaya: Cipta Media Nusantara.

[11] Sihombing, E. N., dan Hadita, C. (2022). Penelitian Hukum. Malang: Setara Press.

[12] BNN. (2023). Indonesia Drugs Report 2023. Jakarta: BNN RI.

[13] Arifuddin, Q., et al. (2025). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum. Jambi: Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.

[14] Silalahi, D. H. (2020). Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Narkotika. Jakarta: EnamMedia.

[15] Bewley-Taylor, D. R. (2012). International Drug Control: Consensus Fractured. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[16] Mok, S. Y. (2023). ASEAN and Transnational Crime: Gains and Challenges in Tackling Drug Trafficking. WIMAYA, 1(1), 31–38.

[17] Simatupang, R. S. A., Siagian, A. H., dan Zulyadi, R. (2022). Kajian Hukum Terhadap Anak yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Narkotika dalam Perspektif Kriminologi (Studi di Polresta Deli Serdang). JEHSS, 5(2), 1137–1146.

[18] Koto, Ismail. (2021). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Terorisme. Proceeding Seminar Nasional Kewirausahaan, 2(1), 1052–1059.

[19] Aulia, P. (2024). Perbandingan Penjatuhan Pidana terhadap Anak Pengguna Narkotika di Indonesia dan Thailand. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 2(1), 1.

[20] Ramadhana, W., Farhansyah, R., Nasution, D. K., dan Sinaga, M. C. (2025). Tinjauan Yuridis Hak Rehabilitasi pada Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika (Kajian UU No. 35/2009). Sibatik Journal, 4(3), 151–160.

[21] Sutarto. (2021). Penerapan Rehabilitasi Medis dan Rehabilitasi Sosial terhadap Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Ditinjau dari Teori Pemidanaan Relatif. JPHI, 2(1), 55–56.

[22] Nazli, M. Q., dan Lubis, M. T. S. (2024). Penerapan Pelaksanaan Hukuman Mati terhadap Pelaku Pengedar Narkotika Perspektif Hukum Pidana di Indonesia dan Thailand. Law Jurnal, 5(1), 31.

[23] Venerdi, A. J., dan Edrisy, I. F. (2025). Pendekatan Hukum Pidana terhadap Pecandu Narkotika: Antara Pemidanaan dan Kewajiban Rehabilitasi. Journal Evidence of Law, 4(1), 303.

[24] Nainggolan, I. (2019). Lembaga Pemasyarakatan dalam Menjalankan Rehabilitasi terhadap Narapidana Narkotika. Jurnal EduTech, 5(2), 137.

[25] Junaidi. (2019). Penerapan Pasal 103 dan Pasal 127 Ayat (2) dan (3) UU No. 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika di Pengadilan Negeri. Jurnal Binamulia Hukum, 8(2), 200.

[26] Sumitro, W. H. (2025). Rehabilitation of Drug Abuses as an Implementation of Restorative Justice. JSC Terekam Jejak, 1(1), 27.

[27] Chouvy. (2019). Thailand Drug Policy Reform. Asian Journal of Criminology, 14(1), 63.

[28] Sembiring, K., dan Abduh, R. (2025). Prosedur Penanganan Hukum Anak Pelaku Tindak Pidana Narkotika: Perbandingan Hukum Indonesia-Thailand. Legal Standing: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 9(1), 22.

[29] Jungsomjatepaisal, P., Pumpuang, W., Seehirunwong, A., dan Thanasitchamroon, R. (2023). Evaluating the Implementation of Drug Abuse Screening, Treatment and Rehabilitation for Abusers according to the Narcotics Bill B.E.2564 in 5 Selected Provinces in Thailand. Journal of Health Science of Thailand, 32(3), 488.

[30] UNODC. (2025). World Drug Report 2025. Vienna: UNODC. Diakses pada https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/world-drug-report-2025.html, Tanggal 1 Februari 2026.